IJOH Vol.11 No. 1 (January-June) Article - 7
Research Article
International Journal of One Health, 11(1): 78-89
https://doi.org/10.14202/IJOH.2025.78-89
Distribution analysis of rabies-transmitting animal bite cases from 2020 to 2023 in Ambon City, Maluku Province, Indonesia
2. Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Health Office of Ambon City, Maluku Province, Indonesia.
Background and Aim: Rabies remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in the Maluku Province, where eight out of 11 regencies, including Ambon City, face persistent challenges with rabies transmission. Ambon City has shown fluctuating trends in rabies-transmitting animal bite cases, contributing notably to the province’s overall burden. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of these bite cases in Ambon City from 2020 to 2023, utilizing descriptive epidemiological and spatial autocorrelation analyses to identify clustering patterns and spatial relationships among districts.
Materials and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive epidemiological study was conducted using secondary data on rabies-transmitting animal bite cases in Ambon City between 2020 and 2023. Data analysis included tables, bar charts, and choropleth maps using Quantum Geographic Information System software. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated using GeoDa software through Moran’s I and Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) tests.
Results: The highest number of bite cases occurred in 2023, with 1,359 cases and an incidence rate (IR) of 3.79/1,000 residents. Nusaniwe District recorded the most cases (1,256), while Leitimur Selatan had the highest IR, peaking at 11.39/1,000 residents in 2023. Moran’s I test indicated a negative spatial autocorrelation, with a value approaching 0, suggesting dispersed rather than clustered patterns of rabies transmission. The LISA analysis showed significant local correlations only in 2020 and 2021.
Conclusion: Rabies-transmitting animal bite cases in Ambon City are increasing annually, exacerbated by low vaccine and serum administration rates and persistent positive Lyssa cases. Despite the broad distribution of cases, specific districts demonstrate higher transmission potential. The study emphasizes the need to enhance vaccine distribution, increase public awareness, and improve dog control and vaccination efforts to curb rabies transmission effectively.
Keywords: epidemiological analysis, Indonesia, public health, rabies, rabies-transmitting animal bites, spatial autocorrelation.
How to cite this article: Que BJ, Lekatompessy JC, and Pelupessy W (2025) Distribution analysis of rabies-transmitting animal bite cases from 2020 to 2023 in Ambon City, Maluku Province, Indonesia, Int. J. One Health, 11(1): 78-89.
Received: 30-11-2024 Accepted: 12-02-2025 Published online: 30-03-2025
Corresponding author: E-mail:
DOI: 10.14202/IJOH.2025.78-89
Copyright: Que, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
