Understanding eco-immunology of bacterial zoonoses and alternative therapeutics toward "One Health"

Review Article

International Journal of One Health, 7(1): 104-115

https://doi.org/10.14202/IJOH.2021.104-115

Manisha Behera^1,2, Soma Mondal Ghorai², Sachinandan De¹, and Hardeep Kaur³

1. Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
2. Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
3. Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

Background and Aim: The current review identifies key bacterial zoonoses, the understanding of comparative immunology, evolutionary trade-offs between emerging bacterial pathogens and their dynamics on both arms of immunity. The several gaps in the literature limit our understanding of spread of prominent bacterial zoonotic diseases and the host-pathogen interactions that may change in response to environmental and social factors. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of how anthropogenic activities affects the spread of emerging zoonotic diseases, is essential for predicting and mitigating future disease emergence through fine-tuning of surveillance and control measures with respect to different pathogens. This review highlights the urgent need to increase understanding of the comparative immunity of animal reservoirs, design of vaccines according to the homology in host-pathogen interactions, and the alternative strategies to counter the risk of bacterial pathogenic spillover to humans with eventual spread of zoonotic diseases.

Keywords: alternative antimicrobials, bacterial zoonoses, comparative immunology, One Health.

How to cite this article: Behera M, Ghorai SM, De S, Kaur H (2021) Understanding eco-immunology of bacterial zoonoses and alternative therapeutics toward "One Health," Int. J. One Health, 7(1): 104-115.

Received: 27-12-2020 Accepted: 12-03-2021 Published online: 03-05-2021

Corresponding author: Soma Mondal Ghorai E-mail: somamghorai@gmail.com

DOI: 10.14202/IJOH.2021.104-115

Copyright: Behera, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.