Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: Etiological analysis, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and a novel therapeutic era of phage

Review Article

International Journal of One Health, 8(2): 86-100

https://doi.org/10.14202/IJOH.2022.86-100

Asif Shahriar¹, Mohd. Faijanur - Rob Siddiquee², Hossain Ahmed³, Aar Rafi Mahmud⁴, Tasnia Ahmed¹, Md. Rayhan Mahmud¹, and Mrityunjoy Acharjee¹

1. Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
3. Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh.
4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh.

Background and Aim: Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by uropathogens has put global public health at its utmost risk, especially in developing countries where people are unaware of personal hygiene and proper medication. In general, the infection frequently occurs in the urethra, bladder, and kidney, as reported by the physician. Moreover, many UTI patients whose acquired disorder from the hospital or health-care center has been addressed previously have been referred to as catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI). Meanwhile, the bacterial biofilm triggering UTI is another critical issue, mostly by catheter insertion. In most cases, the biofilm inhibits the action of antibiotics against the UTI-causing bacteria. Therefore, new therapeutic tools should be implemented to eliminate the widespread multidrug resistance (MDR) UTI-causing bacteria. Based on the facts, the present review emphasized the current status of CAUTI, its causative agent, clinical manifestation, and treatment complications. This review also delineated a model of phage therapy as a new therapeutic means against bacterial biofilm-originated UTI. The model illustrated the entire mechanism of destroying the extracellular plyometric substances of UTI-causing bacteria with several enzymatic actions produced by phage particles. This review will provide a complete outline of CAUTI for the general reader and create a positive vibe for the researchers to sort out alternative remedies against the CAUTI-causing MDR microbial agents.

Keywords: biofilm, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, multidrug resistance, phage therapy, uropathogens.

How to cite this article: Shahriar A, Rob Siddiquee MF, Ahmed H, Mahmud AR, Ahmed T, Mahmud MR, and Acharjee M (2022) Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: Etiological analysis, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and a novel therapeutic era of phage, Int. J. One Health, 8(2): 86–100.

Received: 05-03-2022 Accepted: 12-09-2022 Published online: 05-11-2022

Corresponding author: Mrityunjoy Acharjee E-mail: mrityunjoy_111@yahoo.com

DOI: 10.14202/IJOH.2022.86-100

Copyright: Shahriar, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.