Synthesis of green-engineered silver nanoparticles using Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) and its antibacterial activity against clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Research Article

International Journal of One Health, 10(1): 100-113

https://doi.org/10.14202/IJOH.2024.100-113

Mbarga Manga Joseph Arsene^1,2, Anyutoulou Kitio Linda Davares¹, Sergey Goriainov^2,3, Podoprigora Irina Viktorovna^1,4, Kezimana Parfait⁵, Smolyakova Larissa Andreevna¹, Yashina Natalia Vyacheslavovna¹, Vasilieva Elena Aleksandrovna¹, Eremina Irina Zdislavovna⁶, Khabadze Zurab Sulikoevich⁷, Kulikova A. Alekseevna⁷, Borekhova Marina Nikolaïevna¹, and Vodyashkin Andrey⁸

1. Department of Microbiology, V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, RUDN University Named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.
2. Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute, RUDN University Named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.
3. Research and Educational Resourse Center Pharmacy, RUDN University Named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.
4. 2. Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute, RUDN University Named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.
5. Agrarian Institute, RUDN University Named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.
6. Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
7. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
8. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia.

Background and Aim: The use of bioengineered nanocomposites as antimicrobials has increased in recent years, but very few investigations have been conducted to test their effectiveness against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen presenting public health risks that can impact both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial potential of phytofabricated silver nanoparticles synthesized using lemongrass extract against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.

Materials and Methods: The extraction of active compounds from the leaves of Cymbopogon citratus was performed using ethanol (80%) as a solvent, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical composition of the extract, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was done using silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a precursor, and the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the extract and the AgNPs phytofabricated was assessed against 10 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa.

Results: Lemongrass extract was found to consist of the following main compounds: Caffeic acid (445.21 ± 32.77 μg/g), p-coumaric acid (393.32 ± 39.56 μg/g), chlorogenic acid (377.65 ± 4.26 μg/g), quinic acid (161.52 ± 17.62 μg/g), and quercetin-3-glucoside (151.35 ± 11.34 μg/g). AgNPs were successfully phytofabricated using 2.5 mM AgNO3. The ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectra of the AgNPs showed a localized surface plasmon resonance at 464 nm with an absorbance of 0.32 A. The 50x hydrodynamic diameter was 50.29 nm with a surface area value of 120.10 m2/ cm3, and the volume mean diameter and Sauter mean diameter were 50.63 nm and 49.96 nm, respectively. Despite the compound found in lemongrass extract, no antimicrobial activity was observed with the extract, while AgNPs exhibited noteworthy dose-dependent antimicrobial activity with inhibition diameters up to 24 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration ranging from 2 to 16 and 4–64 µg/mL, respectively. AgNPs also demonstrated significant antibiofilm activity by inhibiting biofilms up to 99% between MIC/2 and 2MIC.

Conclusion: The present study suggests that lemongrass is a good candidate for the synthesis of AgNPs with good physicochemical characteristics and having a strong anti-pseudomonas activity. Further research is needed to assess the stability and safety of these AgNPs. Keywords: antibiofilm capacity, antimicrobial activity, green synthesis, lemongrass, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, silver nanoparticles.

Keywords: antibiofilm capacity, antimicrobial activity, green synthesis, lemongrass, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, silver nanoparticles.

How to cite this article: Arsene MMJ, Davares AKL, Goriainov S, Viktorovna PI, Parfait K, Andreevna SL, Vyacheslavovna YN, Aleksandrovna VE, Zdislavovna EI, Sulikoevich KZ, Alekseevna KA, and Nikolaïevna BM (2024) Synthesis of green-engineered silver nanoparticles using Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) and its antibacterial activity against clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Int. J. One Health, 10(1): 100-113.

Received: 30-11-2023 Accepted: 16-02-2024 Published online: 15-04-2024

Corresponding author: Mbarga Manga Joseph Arsene E-mail: josepharsenembarga@yahoo.fr

DOI: 10.14202/IJOH.2024.100-113

Copyright: Arsene, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.