Research Article | 18 Apr 2026

Operationalizing One Health governance at the local level: Lessons from avian influenza coordination in Indonesia

Etih Sudarnika1,2 ORCID , Marleen Bekker3 ORCID , Denny Widaya Lukman1,2 ORCID , Dinda Iryawati4 ORCID , Herwin Pisestyani1,2 ORCID , Havan Yusuf1 ORCID , Zoelva Miftahurridho1 ORCID , Fitriya Nur Annisa Dewi1 ORCID , and Srihadi Agungpriyono1,2 ORCID Show more

1. School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.

2. Global Health Agromaritime-One Health Collaborating Center, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.

3. Chair Group Health and Society, Center for Space, Place and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

4. Faculty of Medicine, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.

Corresponding author: Etih Sudarnika (etih@apps.ipb.ac.id)

Received: 2025-11-06, , Accepted: 03-02-2026 Published: 2026-04-18

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH | pg no. 73-84 | Vol. 12, Issue 1 | DOI: 10.14202/IJOH.2026.73-84
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Abstract

          
Background and Aim: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has persisted in Indonesia since 2003, causing repeated poultry outbreaks and sporadic human cases. Despite the national One Health framework established by Coordinating Ministerial Regulation No. 7/2022, evidence of its implementation at city and district levels, especially in high-risk urban and peri-urban areas, remains limited. This study explored barriers and facilitators to One Health governance for zoonoses control, using HPAI as a sentinel case in Bogor City and Bogor District, West Java. 
Materials and Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in October 2025, supplemented by descriptive quantitative data. A multi-sectoral focus group discussion (FGD) involved 67 participants from human health, animal health, environmental, agriculture, market management, planning, legislative, and academic sectors. A structured pre-FGD questionnaire was completed by 20 participants. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. Qualitative FGD data were analyzed thematically following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase approach, with inductive coding and iterative team consensus. Ethical approval was obtained from the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, and Wageningen University & Research. 
Results: Questionnaire respondents mainly came from local government health and animal health sectors (85%), with 60% prioritizing zoonoses prevention over outbreak response. While 100% understood the One Health concept and 95% supported joint risk assessment, only 70% found joint surveillance effective, and 40% believed local policy and budget support were sufficient. Thematic analysis identified five key themes: (1) mostly reactive, event-driven coordination; (2) ongoing human and financial resource limitations; (3) underuse of the Sistem Informasi Zoonosis dan Emerging Infectious Diseases (SIZE) platform and fragmented data integration; (4) low community awareness and poor risk communication, especially in live bird markets; and (5) weak institutional integration and funding of national policies at local levels. 
Conclusion: Local One Health implementation in Bogor remains fragmented, reactive, and resource-constrained, despite a supportive national policy framework. Key actionable recommendations include developing joint cross-sectoral operational guidelines and standard operating procedures, institutionalizing routine multisectoral forums, strengthening SIZE platform use through training and interoperability, embedding zoonoses prevention into regional development and risk planning, enhancing community-focused risk communication, and exploring sustainable financing models (e.g., pentahelix collaboration and corporate social responsibility). These strategies can turn policy intent into proactive, preventive governance, improving HPAI control and broader zoonotic and pandemic preparedness in similar high-risk settings across Indonesia. 

         
Keywords: avian influenza, Bogor, Indonesia, highly pathogenic avian influenza, intersectoral coordination, One Health governance, One Health implementation, zoonoses control, zoonotic disease prevention.